Heat is difficult to be transferred in a vacuum environment. This is a fundamental concept in classic physics and the knowledge learned in high school physics textbooks. But the latest research from the University of California Berkeley research team led by Professor Zhang Xiang, President of the Hong Kong University, shows that thermal energy can span an entire vacuum space of a few hundred nanometers. This achievement is not only a subversion of classical physics but also will have a profound impact on the design of calculator chips and other nano-scale electronic components with heat dissipation as the critical consideration in the design. It will also affect the development of high-speed calculators and big data storage. Very important. The results of this groundbreaking study were published in the journal Nature.
The real "vacuum" does not exist.
The real "vacuum" does not exist.
People like to use vacuum insulated thermos to hold tea or coffee because we know that these containers are good insulators and can keep the temperature of drinks. Classical physics tells us that it is difficult for thermal conduction energy to pass through a vacuum, and there are no atoms or molecules with heat. If there are no other atoms or molecules around, the vibration of thermal energy cannot be conducted at all. However, when Professor Zhang Xiang served as a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, he led the research team to conduct a "disruptive" study. The results show that quantum mechanics has shaken this basic concept of classic physics. Due to a quantum mechanical phenomenon called the Casimir effect, thermal energy can span an entire vacuum space of a few hundred nanometers. "The conduction of heat energy in solids is usually through the vibration of atoms or molecules or the so-called phonons, but there is no physical medium in the vacuum space, so textbooks have told us for many years that phonons cannot propagate in a vacuum," Professor Zhang Xiang Said, "Surprisingly, we found that phonons can indeed be conducted in a vacuum through invisible quantum fluctuations." In the experiment, Professor Zhang Xiang's team put two gold-plated silicon nitride films in a vacuum chamber, Placed separately at a distance of hundreds of nanometers. There is no connection between the two films, and there is almost no light penetration between them, but when one of the movies is heated, the temperature of the other becomes hot. King Yan Fong, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, and co-first author of the study said: "In a vacuum environment, molecular vibrations can be transmitted in space. This seemingly impossible situation happened because, according to quantum mechanics, Something is called a real vacuum. Even if there is a vacuum space-no light, no matter-quantum mechanics says it cannot be a complete vacuum, and there are still some quantum field fluctuations. These fluctuations will produce a force that puts two. The two objects are connected, which is the Casimir effect. Therefore, when an object is heated and begins to sway and oscillate, due to these quantum fluctuations, these sways and oscillation can actually be transmitted to another object through a vacuum. "
Silicon nitride is a relevant structural ceramic material. It is a super-hard substance, which has lubricity and wears resistance; it is resistant to oxidation at high temperatures. And silicon nitride can also resist the impact of cold and heat, heating in the air to more than 1000 ℃, rapid cooling, and then fast heating, will not crack.
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