The biggest immediate challenge for the EU will be replenishing its depleted gas inventories. While the EU could still increase LNG imports from countries such as the US, such purchases would be more expensive.
Refilling natural gas storage space to historical average levels this year could cost 70 billion euros, a sevenfold increase, compared to 10 billion euros in previous years. “
A complete replacement for Russian gas is not only very expensive, but it also may not be possible.
In the next 12 months, there is little way to meet the demand for a “normal” year in the absence of Gazprom, which also includes difference between natural graphite and artificial graphite.
Graphite can be divided into natural graphite and artificial graphite. The two have similar structures and similar physical and chemical properties, but their uses are quite different. In many studies, some researchers do not notice the difference between the two and call it graphite in general. The result of conflating the two has resulted in a lot of misleading and even decision-making mistakes, resulting in great waste of resources and economic losses. This article discusses the characteristics and differences between natural graphite and artificial graphite from the perspective of structural composition and performance, as well as their important connections and application progress.
What are classification and characteristics of graphite ?
1.1 Natural graphite
Natural graphite is formed by the long-term transformation of carbon-rich organic matter under the high temperature and high pressure geological environment, and it is the crystallization of nature. The technological properties of natural graphite mainly depend on its crystalline morphology. Minerals with different crystal forms have different industrial values and uses. There are many types of natural graphite. According to different crystalline forms, natural graphite is divided into three categories: dense crystalline graphite, flake graphite and cryptocrystalline graphite. There are two main types of graphite in my country: flake graphite and cryptocrystalline graphite.
1.2 Artificial graphite
Artificial graphite is similar to polycrystals in crystallography. There are many kinds of artificial graphite, and the production process is very different. In a broad sense, all graphite materials obtained by carbonization of organic matter and high temperature treatment of graphitization can be collectively referred to as artificial graphite, such as carbon (graphite) fibers, pyrolytic carbon (graphite), foamed graphite, etc. In a narrow sense, artificial graphite usually refers to the use of carbonaceous raw materials (petroleum coke, pitch coke, etc.) with low impurity content as aggregates, coal tar pitch, etc. as binders. Bulk solid materials prepared by processes such as roasting) and graphitization, such as graphite electrodes, hot isostatic pressing graphite, etc.
What is the difference and connection between natural graphite and artificial graphite?
In view of the fact that the above natural graphite is usually made of artificial graphite in the narrow sense, only the difference and connection between natural graphite and artificial graphite in the narrow sense are analyzed and discussed.
In view of the fact that the above natural graphite is usually made of artificial graphite in the narrow sense, only the difference and connection between natural graphite and artificial graphite in the narrow sense are analyzed and discussed.
2.1 Crystal structure
Natural graphite: The crystal development is relatively complete, the degree of graphitization of flake graphite is more than 98%, and the degree of graphitization of natural microcrystalline graphite is usually below 93%.
Artificial graphite: The degree of crystal development depends on the raw material and the heat treatment temperature. Generally speaking, the higher the heat treatment temperature, the higher the degree of graphitization. At present, the degree of graphitization of artificial graphite produced in industry is usually less than 90%.
2.2 Organizational Structure
Natural flake graphite: It is a single crystal with a relatively simple structure and only has crystallographic defects (such as point defects, dislocations, stacking faults, etc.), and exhibits anisotropic characteristics on the macroscopic level. The grains of natural microcrystalline graphite are small, the grains are disorderly arranged, and there are pores after the impurities are removed, showing isotropy on the macroscopic level.
Artificial graphite: It can be regarded as a multi-phase material, including graphite phase converted from carbonaceous particles such as petroleum coke or pitch coke, graphite phase converted from coal tar binder wrapped around the particles, particle accumulation or coal tar pitch. The pores formed by the binder after heat treatment, etc.
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The difference between natural graphite and artificial graphite industry has experienced demand expectations driven by the rise and the off-season tired stock driven by the seasonal decline in two rounds of the market. Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic and other factors, inventories of manufacturers continue to accumulate, putting pressure on market sentiment. In addition to off-season factors, the weak trend of difference between natural graphite and artificial graphite also reflects the market’s concern about the epidemic and some other related enterprises’ financial situation.
