Powder conductivity measurement of ATO

400 mg of sample is pressed into a pellet of 6 mm Ø with an applied pressure of 400 kg (approx. 1400 bar) using a hydraulic pellet press (PE-011, Mauthe, Germany) and a pressing tool made in-house. The tool features an electrically insulating polyoxymethylene (POM) cylinder with an axial drill hole, a stainless steel (SS) bottom part, and a SS stamp. The upper part of the stamp is 15 mm Ø and travels directly in the drill hole for precise vertical alignment, whereas the lower part is 6 mm Ø and travels in a PE tube that fits inside the lower part of the drill hole. The sample is placed inside the PE tube and is pressed between the SS bottom and stamp. The height of the pressed pellet (typically 3–4 mm) can be read from the vertical position of the stamp in the POM cylinder. The bottom and stamp are electrically insulated against the pellet press by POM sheets and are connected to a potentiostat (VMP3, Bio-Logic, France) in a 2-point probe setup. 1, 2, 4, and 8 mV Voltages are applied for 5 minutes each, and the resulting currents are recorded. Electrical conductivities are calculated from the pellet's electrical resistance and geometric measures. Our applied rate equals 45 mA/gATO (ABET of ATO is 50 m2/g, primary particles are non-porous and therefore the surface area is largely unaffected by the PTFE binder) or 120 mA/carbon (ABET of Vulcan carbon in electrodes including PTFE binder and after subtraction of surface area in micropores is 137 m2/g) In case of the formation of a surface film consisting of electrically insulating discharge products as expected for Li-air cells, the surface that is accessible to the electrolyte is the capacity-controlling parameter. If you are looking for high quality, high purity, and cost-effective ATO, or if you require the latest price of ATO, please feel free to email contact mis-asia.