Ni can dissolve high concentrations of alloying elements compared to other metals

Ni can dissolve high concentrations of alloying elements compared to other metals. Alloying elements increase mechanical strength via solid solution or precipitation strengthening. However, the solid solution strengthening effect of Cu is much lower compared to other elements. For example, in recently developed nanocrystalline Ni-Cu alloys both strength and ductility increased with Cu content by only 40% for Cu concentrations increasing by 5 times (from 6 to 32 wt.%). This was associated with grain refinement and solid solution strengthening. Work hardening also increased with Cu content, as the stacking fault energy decreased, leading to increased dislocation densities and twinning. Due to the substantial increase in strength-to-weight ratio, achieved by precipitation hardening, the weight of turbine engines was significantly reduced, which enhanced development of the aerospace industry. Although Ti and Al provide some solid solution strengthening effect, they typically improve strength by precipitation of γ′-Ni3(Ti,Al) particles during heat treatment. Aluminium (2.3–3.15%) provides excellent corrosion resistance resulting from the formation of a protective Al2O3 surface oxide layer. Titanium (0.35–0.85%) forms TiC carbides. Together Al and Ti are often used in minor amounts to increase corrosion resistance via deoxidation. They both combine with oxygen to form oxides, thus controlling porosity in welds. Carbon (<0.25 wt.%) is required for carbide formation, which not only increase strength at room temperature but also creep resistance. Manganese (<1.5%) improves corrosion resistance and weldability, promotes formation of M23C6 type carbides. Iron (<2.0%) provides solid solution strengthening at reduced costs, but may be detrimental for corrosion resistance. Fe also increases the solubility of C in Ni; this improves resistance to high-temperature carburizing environments. Cobalt (<0.25%) increases high-temperature strength via solid solution strengthening, and resistance to carburization and sulphidation. Additions of Co also raise solvus temperature of γ′ phase . Sulphur (<0.006%) enhances machinability. Silicon (<0.5%) is typically present only in minor amounts as a residual element from deoxidation or as an intentional addition to promote high-temperature oxidation resistance. If you are looking for high quality, high purity and cost-effective Nickel-Copper, or if you require the latest price of Nickel-Copper, please feel free to email contact mis-asia.