CuO crystal has a monoclinic structure and belongs to symmetry. Cupric oxide has four formula units per unit cell. The coordination number of copper atoms is 4, linked to four oxygen neighbor atoms in an approximately square planar configuration in the (110) plane. In all crystallized solids, divalent copper surroundings are invariably distorted by a strong Jahn-Teller effect which often leads to more stable square planar groups. The Cu-O bond lengths in this plane are 1.88 and 1.96 Å, respectively, more significant than those in the cuprous oxide. The following two Cu-O bond lengths perpendicular to the aircraft are much more meaningful, so an octahedral type of coordination can be ruled out. The O atom is coordinated with four Cu atoms as a distorted tetrahedron. It is often accepted that CuO has a mixture of ionic and covalent bonding, even though the oxidation state of Cu in CuO is unquestionably Cu2+. X-ray diffraction is the most common tool to study the crystal structure of materials and confirm the purity of the product. From the X-ray diffraction pattern, the lattice constants, lattice strain, or particle size can be extracted following the Debye Sherrer formula. According to Aparna et al., elastic strain calculated from XRD results shows that CuO nanoparticles smaller than 20 nm have high stress, and greater particles have less anxiety. This phenomenon relates to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of a curved surface, resulting from the surface tension. If you are looking for high quality, high purity, and cost-effective copper oxide, or if you require the latest price, please email contact mis-asia.