Iron-oxide pigments are valued because they are non-toxic, weather resistant, and do not bleed or fade. Rusting of iron refers to the formation of rust, a mixture of iron oxides, on the surface of iron objects or structures. This rust is formed from a redox reaction between oxygen and iron in an environment containing water (such as air containing high moisture levels). Steel is an alloy made of iron, carbon, and several other elements, but iron is the base metal and makes up over 95% of the atomic structure of steel. The process of ironmaking also utilizes iron (III) oxide as a base metal. Ferric oxide, also known as iron(III) oxide, is an amphoteric oxide of iron with the chemical formula Fe2O3. It can be noted that iron, aluminum, and tin oxides are all amphoteric chemical species – they exhibit both acidic and basic qualities. Iron oxide can be added to physical sunscreens to increase absorption and protection against visible light and UVA radiation. While titanium dioxide and zinc oxide have good absorption in the UV range, they do not confer protection in the visible light range if they are micronized. It was clear that iron oxide was the key ingredient to help block visible light and hence help protect against hyperpigmentation. The study shows that iron oxides can protect against HEV light. In contrast, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide give us UVA and UVB protection but provide limited protection for HEV. Even antioxidants that protect from free radicals can't prevent blue light melanogenesis. Does Boiling Water Remove Minerals? No. Generally speaking, boiling water can help to kill harmful bacteria in drinking water. Other than that, even if the water's temperature rises over 100 degree Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit), it doesn't remove any minerals. If you are looking for high quality, high purity and cost-effective iron oxide, or if you require the latest price of iron oxide, please feel free to email contact mis-asia.