The con-ductivity of 0.5% ATO NPs is slightly decreased

The conductivity of 0.5% ATO NPs (1.08×108 S cm1) is slightly decreased due to the reduced hole mobility. Since doping concentration could play a crucial role in tuning electronic structures and properties of the host material, we further explored the effect of doping concentration on the properties of the ATO NPs by extending the Sb concentration to a wider range (specifically, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50%, denoting the nominal concentrations for the preparation of ATO NPs, instead of the effective doping concentrations). The XRD patterns of doped SnO2 NPs with different Sb concentrations confirm that all Sb-doped samples continue to agree with the tetragonal rutile structure of SnO2 NPs without the presence of new crystalline peaks, even up to 50% Sb content. Not all Sb cations can be incorporated into the SnO2 lattice at such high Sb doping concentrations. Nevertheless, XRD did not detect any new crystalline phases at such high-doping concentrations, most likely due to the formation of amorphous oxide phases, supported by X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurement (XAS). Likewise, by analyzing the overlapped XRD patterns of all doped samples, no distinct shifts of XRD peaks are observed; however, an increased broadening of the peaks was detected, which indicates the enlarged local lattice distortion due to the increased Sb concentrations – an effect that is as well corroborated by XAS results. If you are looking for high quality, high purity, and cost-effective ATO, or if you require the latest price of ATO, please feel free to email contact mis-asia.