Overview of Titanium Carbide
The molecular weight of titanium carbide (chemical formula TiC) is 59.89. Cubic lattice solid gray metallic with face center. Melting point 3140+90, boiling temperature 4820, relative density 4.93 A hardness greater than 9 Water insoluble, aqua regia soluble. It’s stable at 800C and easily degraded by 2000C. At 1150C, it can react to pure O2.
The most common transition metal carbides are titanium carbide ceramics. TiC is unique because it has unique bonds that are made of metallic, covalent and ionic bondings. TiC has a crystal structure that determines its basic characteristics, including high hardness, high melt point, wear resistance, and electrical conductivity.
Making titanium carbide
Method: A mixture of titanium and carbon, obtained either by high-temperature hydrogen reduction or mixing TiO2 with carbon powder. Blocks are then heated up to 2300-2700 in an electrical furnace, followed by carbonization in H2 (or CO) atmosphere. TiC or titanium carbide’s hard, crystalline powder is made by reacting titanium dioxide with carbon black at temperatures above 1800°C. This powder is then compacted using cobalt and nickel to make heat-resistant tools or parts. While it is less expensive than tungsten carbide, it is also lighter and easier to use in cutting tools. When combined with the tungsten carbide of the sintered carbide tool material it decreases the chance that the tool will form grooves.
The properties of titanium carbide
TiC, which is light metallic gray in color, contains 20.05% of carbon. TiC is very chemically stable, and nearly inert against hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. TiC dissolves easily in hydrofluoric or nitric acid and aqua regia. You can also dissolve it in an alkaline oxygen melt. If heated in a nitrogenous environment, nitrogen can form above 1500°C. TiC reacts with chlorine gas. It tends to oxidize when exposed to high temperatures.
The TiC density is 4.94 g/cm3, with a Mohs Hardness of 9+ and a microhardness of 3200kg/mm2. It also has an elastic modulus value 309,706MPa. The material’s fracture modulus at 3000 2600 is 499.8 and 843.2 MPa respectively at room temperatures. Thermal modulus of fracture at 2200 is 54.94-63.92mpa, 982 at 107.78-116.96mpa. The melting temperature of TiC is 3160 degrees C. Room temperature resistivity is 180 250 This conductor can also be used at higher temperatures. It has a thermal expansion coefficient of 4.12×10-6/degF between room temperature (593degC) and 593degC (593degC). The thermal conductivity is 0.041 Cal /cm S/degC.
Titan carbide ceramics are used
1. Multiphase materials: TiC is made from TiN, WC, Al2O3, and other materials to create multiphase ceramics. They have an excellent melting point, hardness, chemical stability, are highly wear-resistant, and can even be combined with TiN, WW, or Al2O3. High-speed wire regulating wheel and carbon steel cutting is done with titanium carbide ceramics. This is because they have excellent resistance to oxidation and don’t show any crescent-shaped wear. A variety of multiphase ceramic tools made with titanium carbide can be used.
2. Titini carbide, a highly wear-resistant coating material, is used to coat the surface. By chemical or physical methods, diamond surfaces are coated with strong carbides in order to make metal or an alloy. This metals and alloys can be heated as well as the interaction reaction of diamond surface carbon. The formation stable metal carbides is possible. These carbides are able to bond well with diamond. They can also be penetrated by matrix metal so that they enhance the adhesion of diamond and matrix. Tool life can be prolonged by depositing titanium carbonide films onto the tool.
3. The research on nuclear fusion reactor uses titanium carbide and composite (TiN+TiC) coating materials. They can be used after chemical heat treatments to produce a tritium resistant permeability layer. It is resistant to hydrogen irradiation, and can withstand a high temperature gradient, and thermal cycle.
4. Additionally, titanium carbide has the ability to smelt tin and lead as well as cadmium or zinc. Transparent titanium carbide ceramics make excellent optical materials.
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