What is Boron carbide?
To improve the flexibility of B4C, we use our model for the origin of brittleness to propose a laminated composite structure of B4C–B6O. We use QM to examine the shear deformation along various possible slip systems to understand the deformation mechanism for a composite structure. We find that the (001)/[100] slip system requires the smallest maximum shear stress (38.33 GPa), essentially the same as the ideal shear strength (38.97 GPa) of perfect B4C, indicating a similar intrinsic hardness. However, this composite leads to a critical failure strain 41% larger than for perfect B4C. This is because the presence of B6O prevents the failure mechanism exhibited by perfect B4C in which the carbene of a broken cage–cage B–C bond reacts with the C–B–C chain. This indicates that it should be possible to increase the fracture toughness of boron carbide by designing a composite system of B4C–B6O, a result consistent with experiments. This may provide useful insight into the design of other ductile hard ceramics.
Biaxial Shear Deformation of Boron carbide
The stress–strain relationship for biaxial shear deformation is displayed. The laminated structure deforms continuously as the strain increases from 0 to 0.166, where the shear stress reaches its maximum value of 33.1 GPa. The C–B–C chain bends from 173.5° for the unstressed structure to 134.6° because of the highly compressive conditions, as shown in Figure 8b. As the strain increases to 0.187, the C–B–C chain bends to 132.1°, at which point the failure initiates. Finally, as the strain increases to 0.209, the B12 icosahedra layer disintegrates, as shown in Figure 8d. The biaxial failure mechanism does not involve the B–C bond fission process that occurred for pure shear deformation, indicating that compression can modify the deformation mechanism for experimental impact conditions.
B6O and B4C have the same space group
Among these superhard materials, B6O and B4C have the same space group and similar lattice parameters; therefore, we speculated that a solid–solution interlayer between B6O and B4C crystals could be formed during the sintering reaction that might increase the hardness and toughness properties. For example, the fracture toughness of the nanostructured B6O–B4C improves to 8.72 MPa m1/2 in contrast to 1.3 MPa m1/2 of the single phase B4C. In these systems, the B6O and B4C grains were both well-dispersed concerning each other, suggesting that interlayer bonding is critical to the improved properties. To validate such concepts, we used QM to examine how the atomistic level bonding structure between these two components might affect the mechanical properties.
Price of Boron carbide
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