What is Manganese oxide?
Manganese oxide minerals have been used for thousands of years—by the ancients for pigments and to clarify glass, and today as ores of Mn metal, catalysts, and battery material. More than 30 Mn oxide minerals occur in various geological settings. They are significant components of Mn nodules that pave vast areas of the ocean floor and bottoms of many fresh-water lakes. Mn oxide minerals are ubiquitous in soils and sediments and participate in various chemical reactions that affect groundwater and bulk soil composition. Their typical occurrence as fine-grained mixtures makes studying their atomic structures and crystal chemistries difficult. In recent years, however, investigations using transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray and neutron diffraction methods have provided important new insights into the structures and properties of these materials. The crystal structures for todorokite and birnessite, two of the more common Mn oxide minerals in terrestrial deposits and ocean nodules, were determined using powder x-ray diffraction data and the Rietveld refinement method. Because of the large tunnels in todorokite and related structures, there is considerable interest in using these materials and synthetic analogs as catalysts and cation exchange agents. Birnessite-group minerals have layer structures and readily undergo oxidation-reduction and cation-exchange reactions and play a significant role in controlling groundwater chemistry.
Most people’s introduction to Mn oxides is the messy
Most people's introduction to Mn oxides is the slimy, black innards of a dry-cell battery. But in fact, Mn oxide/hydroxide (generally known as Mn oxide) minerals are found in various geological settings and are nearly ubiquitous in soils and sediments. They occur as fine-grained aggregates, veins, marine and fresh-water nodules and concretions, crusts, dendrites, and coatings on other mineral particles and rock surfaces (e.g., desert varnish). Because Mn oxides commonly form at the interface between the lithosphere and hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere, they can provide environmentally relevant insights into specific types of interactions between these systems and potentially serve as long-term monitors of changes within a system.
Mn oxides have been exploited since ancient times.
As ores, Mn oxides have been used since ancient times. In particular, pyrolusite (MnO2) was prized as a pigment for its ability to remove the green tint imparted by iron to glass. By the mid-19th century, Mn was an essential component in steel making, as a deoxidizer and desulfurized, and for making hard-steel alloys. Mn oxides are the predominant ore minerals in most of today's commercially important Mn deposits, commonly formed by weathering Mn-rich carbonates or silicates, either by in situ oxidation or by dissolution followed by migration and reprecipitation. Approximately 80–90% of the current world production of Mn ore is consumed by the steel industry; on average, steel contains about 0.6 weight percent Mn but maybe 10% or more in high-strength steel. Other uses include the production of special Al alloys, Mn chemicals, catalysts, water-purifying agents, additives to livestock feed, plant fertilizers, colorants for bricks, and in batteries. Natural Mn oxide (primarily nsutite) is the cathodic material in zinc-carbon dry-cell batteries. In recent years, however, alkaline batteries that use synthetic, electrolytic Mn oxide have increasingly dominated the market.
Price of Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide particle size and purity will affect the product's Price, and the purchase volume can also affect the cost of Manganese oxide. A large amount of large amount will be lower. The Price of Manganese oxide is on our company's official website.
Manganese oxide supplier
Mis-Asia is a reliable and high-quality global chemical material supplier and manufacturer. It has over 12 years of experience providing ultra-high quality chemicals and nanotechnology materials, including Manganese oxide, nitride powder, graphite powder, sulfide powder, and 3D printing powder. If you are looking for high-quality and cost-effective Manganese oxide, you are welcome to contact us or inquire any time.
