What is Ti3AlC2?
Titanium Aluminum Carbide MAX Phase Micron-Powder. Chemical Name: Titanium Aluminum Carbide. Titanium aluminum carbide belongs to the hexagonal crystal system and: it has the same conductivity or heat conduction as metal but has the same high elastic modulus and excellent high temperature mechanical properties as ceramic with good conductivity Ti₃AlC₂ is MAX Phase-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6₃/mmc space group. There are two inequivalent Ti sites. Ti is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry in the first Ti site to three equivalent Al and three equivalent C atoms. All Ti–Al bond lengths are 2.89 Å. As the temperature is further increased, the next exothermic region (>1100 °C) is related to the reaction between the carbide and Ti2AlC, leading to the formation of Ti3AlC2. (49) For the carbide mixture, the formation of this phase appears to be slightly shifted up to 1300 °C.
Titanium aluminum carbide was prepared employing the mechanically-activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis process
The formation mechanism of the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase, synthesized using elemental titanium, aluminum, and carbon (graphite) powders via wave propagation and thermal explosion techniques. The combustion reaction products were characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results disclosed that the formation of TiC or TiAl compounds have significant roles in the combustion synthesis of the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase.
Ti3AlC2 ternary compound with a layered structure in hexagonal crystalline system
Ti3AlC2 ternary compound with a layered structure in a hexagonal crystalline system (three close-packed layers of titanium atoms separated by a layer of aluminum atoms) and a melting point of 1360 °C is a member of an advanced group of ceramic materials called MAX phases. Ti3AlC2 is tolerant to damage and has an exclusive combination of ceramic and metallic characteristics such as good machinability, low hardness, high elastic modulus, low density, superior thermal shock resistance, high strength at elevated temperatures, low thermal expansion coefficient, high oxidation resistance, self-lubricity, and exemplary electrical and thermal conductivities. Such a unique combination of properties nominates Ti3AlC2 as a desirable candidate for high-temperature applications. Notably, it should be noted that Ti3AlC2 is an exclusive compound that shows an exciting quasi-plasticity at room temperature. First principle calculations were used for the thermodynamic assessment of Ti3AlC2. Gibbs free energy of Ti3AlC2 increases with raising the temperature, but enthalpy and entropy decrease.
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