Wholesale gas prices in the Netherlands and the UK have risen 20 percent recently amid concerns about Russian supplies.
The EU plans to cut its dependence on Russian gas by two-thirds this year and stop importing Russian fossil fuels by 2027. Russia exported about 155 billion cubic meters of gas to the EU in 2021.
The US recently said it would try to supply 15bn cubic meters of LNG to the EU this year. U.S. LNG plants are running at full capacity, and analysts say much of the extra gas the U.S. sends to Europe comes from what should have been exported elsewhere.
The German government called Russia “an unreliable energy supplier”. Even though the German government claimed that they have been preparing for the situation for a long time that Russia may stop sending gas one day, experts say it is hard for the EU to replace all of Russia’s gas exports any time soon.
The supply and prices of many superplasticizer for concrete admixture,superplasticizer used in concrete will continue to be influenced by international situations.
Superplasticizer used in concrete refers to the fact that after mixing, it can reduce the water demand of concrete under the condition of maintaining basically the same fluidity, thereby improving the strength and durability of concrete, or under the condition that the amount of cement used and the water-cement ratio remain unchanged , Add the admixture of concrete fluidity and improve concrete workability.
1. Lubrication effect: The polar hydrophilic groups in the concrete admixture superplasticizer are directionally adsorbed on the surface of the cement particles, and are easily associated with water molecules in the form of hydrogen bonds. The force of this hydrogen bond association effect far exceeds the molecular attraction between water molecules and cement particles. When the cement particles absorb sufficient water reducing agent, the surface layer of the cement particles forms a stable layer of solvated water by virtue of the association effect of R-SO3θ and the hydrogen bonds in the water molecules and the hydrogen bond association between the water molecules. The film plays a three-dimensional protective effect, blocks the direct contact between the cement particles, and plays a lubricating effect between the particles.
2. Wetting effect: After the cement is mixed with water, the surface layer of the particles is wetted by water, and its wet condition has a great influence on the characteristics of freshly mixed commercial concrete. amount that can be reduced.
3. Water reduction effect:After adding a superplasticizer to the commercial concrete, the water-cement ratio can be significantly reduced under the condition of maintaining fluidity. The water reducing rate of high-efficiency water-reducing agent can reach 10% to 25%, while the water-reducing rate of ordinary water-reducing agent is 5%-15%, and high-efficiency water-reducing agent is also famous for this. The reason for the water reducing effect is mainly because of the adsorption and dispersion effect of commercial concrete on the water reducing agent.
4. Plasticizing effect:After adding the polycarboxylate based superplasticizer to the commercial concrete, the fluidity can be added without changing the water-cement ratio. The usual water-reducing agent can increase the slump of freshly mixed commercial concrete by more than 10 cm under the condition that the amount of cement used remains unchanged.
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Since February, gold has enjoyed a smooth upward run on the back of surging US inflation and the brewing of war. While expectations of rate rises have also risen in tandem over this period, gold had been largely pre-priced and the underlying driver of tightening expectations had come from inflation continuing to rise to record highs. The risk aversion caused by the continued tension in the war also provided an important short-term support for gold. This will have a certain impact on the price of the superplasticizer for concrete admixture,superplasticizer used in concrete and the market of the superplasticizer for concrete admixture,superplasticizer used in concrete.
